19 12 2286 https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/0f9e8cc1387afe60977d283296e5243a.jpg c544921e5bb749c80cd71268fa005746 https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/5ccfac23726aca4084cafc8bcedc3d77.pdf 71e40e2a6f3331d53bb9cbe147d87f71 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Smallpox Description An account of the resource <div class="landing"> <p>Smallpox disease was declared eradicated in 1980, the result of a collaborative global campaign. To date, it is the only disease affecting humans to be eradicated from the world. Global eradication of smallpox ranks among the great achievements of humankind. Gone, through determined human effort, is a disease which has brought death to millions, frequently altering the course of history, and traveling through the centuries to every part of the world.  </p> <p>The vital contributions made by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are highlighted. Official government correspondence, meeting transcripts, policy statements, surveillance reports and mortality statistics tell a part of that story. Adding depth to these traditional archives are the personal stories of the public health pioneers who worked tirelessly on the frontlines of the smallpox eradication campaign.</p> <p>The links above connect you to a database of oral histories, photographs, documents, and other media.</p> <p>Use of this information is free, but please see <strong>“About this Site”</strong> for guidance on how to acknowledge the sources of the information used</p> </div> Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound. <pre><strong> Interview Transcript </strong> Interview David Bourne with Elisa Koski Elisa Koski Transcribed: January 24 2009 | Duration: 0:31:00 Elisa Koski: This is an interview with David Bourne on July 11, 2008 at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia about his role in the Smallpox Eradication Project. The interviewer is Elisa Koski. With this interview, we're hoping to capture for future generations the memories of participants and their families involved in eradicating smallpox. This is an incredibly important and historic achievement and we want to hear about your experience. I have some questions to guide you, but please feel free to recount any special stories or anecdotes that you remember about events or people. The legal agreement that you signed says that you're donating the oral history to the U.S. Federal Government and it will be in the public domain. For the record, could you please state your full name and that you know you are being recorded? David Bourne: Yes, my name is David Bourne and I understand this is being recorded. Elisa Koski: Thank you so much, and thanks again for being here today. Now David, we just want to start with a brief background about you, how you grew up, your pre-college education and your college education, and how you came to be interested in public health? David Bourne: You bet. I was raised in New Mexico and I moved there when I was about five. My dad was a Public Health Officer for the State of New Mexico for most of his career while I was growing up. So I became interested in public health and in medicine generally through him and I graduated from high school in 1967 from Robertson High School in Las Vegas, New Mexico and I attended a couple of years at New Mexico Highlands University there in Las Vegas and then I graduated from the University of Utah in Salt Lake City in 1971. During the course of my last year or so, I applied to the Peace Corps and was accepted approximately a year later. So I was accepted around March of 1972 having graduated in August of 1971. So my interest in general in the Peace Corps was to help with the health programs and they offered me the Smallpox Eradication Program in Ethiopia and I accepted that and became a volunteer in April 1972 with the intention of coming to Ethiopia and working with the Smallpox Eradication Program. David Bourne: Okay. So that's a unique way to get involved with CDC's Smallpox Program. David Bourne: Right. Elisa Koski: So what was your role when you arrived? David Bourne: I'm sorry? Elisa Koski: What was your role in the program when you arrived? David Bourne: Okay. In the smallpox program, I was called the Smallpox Surveillance Officer. So what they did, they had us have orientation here for a day or two in Atlanta with Dr. Foege on smallpox generally and after orientation we went to Ethiopia for approximately eight weeks of language and cultural training, and then we went to our various provinces where we were to work. I was a Smallpox Surveillance Officer, as they were called. So in Ethiopia, the way it was setup, it was run jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ethiopian Ministry of Health and the Peace Corps Volunteers worked in concert with people from the Ministry of Health and the WHO to do the eradication. So our job or role was to go village to village from where we were assigned and look for smallpox. When we found it, we would in effect, evacuate - vaccinate the affected village and the surrounding villages. Functionally, I think the goal was a 2- hour walk around the village, but the villages were sufficiently spread out, so it worked out that the affected village and the surrounding villages - the adjacent villages, vaccinate them and move on to the next area where there was smallpox. I worked in two areas of North Central Ethiopia primarily. The first problem area I've worked in was Gojam, and then I worked in that province along the Western edge of the Blue Nile and then I transferred - they transferred us out of Gojam and I went to Wollo which was essentially on the other side of the Blue Nile, and I worked in Eastern Wollo. So I spent most of my career on each side of the Blue Nile, the Blue Nile Gorge and there was an awful lot of smallpox. By that time, '72 into '73, a large part of the remaining smallpox was in the North Central Highlands of Ethiopia and that's where I was; and during the course of the year, during the rainy season which is in the summer, all of us in Wollo, of which there were four or six volunteers, we would move to the desert because the rain would make the - we didn't have roads or vehicles but the paths were impassable due to the mud, so during the summer we would move to the desert in Western Wollo and then we would deal with a totally different type of people, these were the Nomads, they were subject to a Sultan, and we would work with the Sultan and his people to find out where the Nomads were at that particular time; they always knew where they were and we would vaccinate them, so that's essentially - I spent most of my time in the Highlands, probably about 9,000 feet elevation. The weather - it was near the equator, the weather was beautiful most of the time, and then in the summertime I would go to the dessert. Elisa Koski: It sounds like you were quite a young man when you first arrive there, coming out of college and then the Peace Corps. Can you describe to me a little bit of what it was like to arrive in such a foreign place and begin to work on such an important program? David Bourne: It was to me very exciting, initially certainly, to what I found - I was probably 23 when I arrived there and it was very, very new and very exciting. No one spoke English. What we did, we lived in a provincial capital. There were probably three of four of us in the Peace Corps that had a house together, and we would go to different parts of the provinces - of that particular province. So I, for 30 days at a time would not see any Americans or any white people for that matter or anyone who spoke English, with the exception of a translator that I had the first year, and I would fly to, in effect, the county seat of - fly commercially to the county seat of the district where I was working. In that particular area there was very little smallpox; the smallpox was focused in the Northern part of that county, so we would walk approximately 50 miles the next day, leaving at dawn and getting there at dark to get to the center of the Northern part of the county where most of the smallpox was. For the next 30 days, I would go village to village or to markets, trying to find smallpox which was relatively easy to find. There was a lot of it. One of the most interesting things, and far the most interesting ultimately was that the second year I didn't have a translator so I never heard English or spoke English during those entire 30- day segments, I had a guide, but no translator. So that made a very enriching experience; and then it got quite mundane after the initial excitement; months after months, year after year, going village to village vaccinating. The people were not - they were very, very - always very hospitable. They were not always very enthusiastic to see me. They had other diseases that they were worried more about than smallpox, but they were always very hospitable even though they were very poor. I'd live with the people; there was nowhere else to live. They gave me what food they had, they share that with me. That was the most incredible thing and it was very interesting to live in a place where they had not seen white men. Certainly the children never had, and it was very good and to deal with; and from time to time the people at WHO in Addis Ababa, Dr. Henderson, came there once in a while, so I did meet him once. So it was very exciting initially, then it became quite mundane and difficult throughout the course of the two years and a half. Elisa Koski: Thank you. You mentioned that you lived with families while you were staying in these villages? David Bourne: Right. Elisa Koski: Are there any specific memories or stories you can tell me about that experience? That must've been interesting. David Bourne: The interesting - there's a tremendous - I understand that those guys that worked in Southern Ethiopia had a different experience than those of us that worked in the North. Even though the people in the North were always very hospitable, as I mentioned, they weren't particularly enthusiastic, but each day it was assumed that you would be able to spend the night with someone, and it would be only for one night typically because you would be moving on and the people would talk to the Governor and the Governor would - usually have him yourself, but if he weren't available, occasionally, there'd be a - I could understand everything they could say even though sometimes they didn't realize it. Sometimes they'd say, "You take him." "No. You take him." "No. I don't -" But it was fun for us to batter with our Southern colleagues when people would fight over them, "I want him." "I want him." They would kill a sheep for the people in Southern Ethiopia quite often. Nobody ever killed a sheep for us. They killed a few chickens, which was always very welcome and very good. But now I don't think they had as much up in the North and they were certainly a different tribe, but they were always very friendly. One night, I was sleeping outside, even though I was in the company of a family - because it was very hot. I remember waking up to a dog barking very close to me and very scary because the dogs there, they're not exactly pets and not all that friendly, so that was one particular case at that point where I was pretty scared to be out there. But in general they were so friendly and I felt no danger whatsoever. Elisa Koski: You did say they weren't always enthusiastic about what your purpose was in the village. Oftentimes maybe because they had other diseases that they were a little bit worried about. Did you ever run into any problems or difficulties accomplishing what you came to do? David Bourne: Yes. From time to time, they absolutely would refuse. In general, the way it worked is that the decision makers had had smallpox before, so these were the adults and it was very [inaudible0:13:26] minor in Ethiopia so the mortality rate wasn't very high. So they would often be able to survive and they knew they couldn't get it again, so the people, the governors, the decision makers, the adults, they weren't enthusiastic, but they would almost always let their children be vaccinated. But you had to go seek them out, generally speaking. They might come in small groups. I understand many times our colleagues in the South, they would have to have the police control the crowds too because they wanted to be vaccinated. So it was a little different. But occasionally, people would absolutely refuse. "No. Get out. We don't want you in our village. Leave." In that case, I would ignore the affected village, but vaccinate the surrounding villages. Thereby, they would be unwittingly protected to a large extent because I would be able to vaccinate those surrounding villages. Now during the course of our tenure there, the Emperor, Haile Selassie, was overthrown in a coup but I assume they are the people who are still in power today. It was a Military Junta and the types of people at least - if they were still in power today - and that created a situation of anarchy to a large extent in the countryside because the Government had been overthrown, I think in general, the Government did not affect the people, they were farmers, kind of under a feudal system, but everyone had a gun in Ethiopia. There was one situation, where right after that revolution, in the county seat in the effect I flew into, some students had surrounded a judge's house who was being transferred and they were in the spirit of the revolution and they said, "No. This judge expropriated property from the people. He's unjust and he's not leaving." So the judge hired some robbers, in effect, highway men, they were fairly common there, "Shift" as they called them; and these robbers were well armed and he hired them to escort him and his family and his stuff. They were planning to go by mule or whatever to the next town, but when these shifters came, these highway men came to his house, the students and the people in the town, they had a gun battle. The judge's wife was killed certainly and most of his family and about half of the highway men were killed. This is the gun battle that occurred the day before - the day of the evening I was walking back there. So the guy I was staying with was in effect the Public Health Officer who was a doctor, and he was treating the wounded - the remaining wounded who were very badly wounded, and the people in the house, they threatened to burn down our house, his house, the one I was staying in because he had done that, but they fortunately didn't do that. But talking about refusal, the next day I was scheduled to go back North and no one would go with me because the people that got killed were from the Northern part of that county; and they were rumored to be coming down to burn down the town. Kind of like the Old West. Then the next day, the judge's family arrived by plane from Addis Ababa, the capital, armed with machine guns and whatnot to exact revenge on the people and I left on that very plane. It was time for me to go. In fact, that was the last time I was in that part of the country. Elisa Koski: It seems like that would've been quite a dangerous situation. David Bourne: It had appeared to be. Everybody else really thought so and I was ready to go, and I was pretty - I guess I was 24 by that time, 25. But I could understand that the guide I had usually: he said, "What good would that do me if I got killed up there-I'm from the South;" and there was going to be a big feud between the North and the South. During that whole period there were a lot of situations like that where the citizens took advantage of the roles of the anarchy in the country, and then soon after that, Peace Corps offered people to leave voluntarily because of the deteriorating situation. Most of us stayed, I stayed through my tenure and a couple of months beyond, but the next year, I'd say, I think it was probably in '75, they actually kicked the Peace Corps out of Ethiopia, and everybody left. Elisa Koski: How far along into your time with the Peace Corps did this occur; and after it occurred, did that change how you played your role in the Smallpox Program? David Bourne: I was pretty well - I was there a total of about two and a half years and this was probably about two years into it. So I had about three months to go and I think if memory serves me right, it was time to go to the desert anyway which was totally different. Their political situation was - there weren't that much people, there wasn't much Government and the Nomads that we dealt with went back and forth between what was called then the territory of [inaudible 0:19:42] in Ethiopia; I think it was Somalia Land or - So the political considerations and the security situations were far different in the desert. So I finished out my tenure in the desert and then I agreed to remain a couple more months to train the new group of smallpox volunteers, about nine or 12 of them that came, and I stayed for about two months or three months helping the Ethiopian contractors train this new group. Elisa Koski: Now you mentioned a little bit earlier that you did have some contact with WHO and CDC counterparts such as Dr. Henderson. Can you tell me a little bit more about that relationship? David Bourne: I remember meeting him only once, but we had - with regard to CDC, I only met only one CDC person. I don't recall his name. He was an EIS Officer that came from Atlanta for a period of time, three months or so, and he actually worked in a different - in a neighboring province but I did meet him. So there were very few CDC people in Ethiopia and there were a few WHO people, Dr. Vitello[inaudible name0:21:09] was the head of the program there in Ethiopia for WHO. I dealt with a Brazilian Epidemiologist Dr. Ciro de Quadros and an Indonesian Epidemiologist, Dr. Peter Kaswar[inaudible name0:21:25]. There was actually also a Russian Epidemiologist I know who came down there; so they had an office there in the capital city in Addis Ababa. I dealt mainly with Dr. Kaswar, to some extent with Dr. De Quadros. So we would occasionally meet with Dr. Hen - I would happen to be in the office one day-It might have been literally, right after I'd left the troubled area, the plane was going to Addis, so I went there to Addis Ababa and I may have met him there. I remember the conversation, I was talking to him about my - the success with those jet guns, the people seemed to like them on the one hand, but on the other hand, they so often broke down especially in the desert. So in effect that turned out - I thought it was a good idea and told him so; and he thought that was interesting, but in the end, they didn't work for me very well. But I did have a brief conversation; he wanted to know the status, where I'd come from, that kind of thing, and the country. It was an honor to meet him there because at that time, he was the Director of the global program. So that was the extent of my dealing with WHO From time to time I would go to the office, not very often: the day to day efforts would be just me and a guide and we're out for 30 days at a time and then go back to the provincial capital of the town of about 60,000; and we had an office within the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, in effect the Health Department. So we had a smallpox office there that - even though there were four of us, we were gone so much, we rarely saw each other. Elisa Koski: Were there any specific challenges or positive aspects to working with the Ministry of Health? David Bourne: With working with the Ministry of Health? Elisa Koski: Yes. David Bourne: They were very - actually I don't recall if we were in any challenges particularly, they were very enthusiastic, very dedicated; and there weren't that many of them either. We probably outnumbered them. They would have - maybe within the province, they would probably have a staff of maybe four and there were four to six of us, so it was pretty equal and in general we wouldn't have a lot of interaction with them because like we did, they would go to different parts of the province. So when we did come together they were very dedicated, good friends of ours and so forth. Then I had nothing but praise for them and their dedication and their competence. Elisa Koski: Great. You mentioned early in your interview that you had about four to six team members who were also Peace Corps volunteers, but that you didn't see them incredibly often. You were on your own most of the time. David Bourne: Right. Elisa Koski: Were they doing the same sort of thing and how often did you get to share your experiences together? David Bourne: They're doing exactly the same thing. Now this was just in that particular province. So I think we might have had four people there. Throughout the country, there might have been at any one time, 20 Peace Corps volunteers in the Smallpox Program, or 25, in different parts of the country. But each of us did exactly the same job. We would go to different provinces because they were - in our province, Wollo, that was probably - if I remember right it almost led the nation in a number of smallpox cases by that time and I think they were among the last cases in Ethiopia after I left Wollo province or near there. So we had plenty to do. I would say, my area and other people's might have been similar, but I in effect, I think was responsible for an area maybe 40 miles wide and 120 miles long, maybe 250,000 people, the way I remember it, but there were no roads, no electricity, no towns. Well, there were some towns, but there were no roads with the exception of an old road built in the '40s that was impassable, or mostly so. I would walk up and down that area for two years and mainly in the North, and my colleagues would do the same. They would go to other areas and they did a lot of walking as well. Elisa Koski: I'd like to talk a little bit about how this whole experience in Ethiopia really influenced your life after; and how it impacted your career in Public Health? David Bourne: Great. Right after I came back, I came back around October of 1974; and actually, as a result of my conversation with this EIS Officer in Ethiopia, he told me about working for CDC, about the process, and that's what I wanted to do. That was the single purpose I had. At the time before I met him, earlier in my career in Ethiopia, I was thinking about coming back and going to Pharmacy School, but I decided I would try to work for CDC. So I immediately, probably the next day, applied to CDC there in October of '74 and I had an interview and I was hired to start in Los Angeles in January of '75 with the VD Program as everyone in CDC virtually then, and maybe today I'm not sure, I think it may have changed now; but that was the path. You started out as a VD Investigator for CDC, and I started out in Los Angeles. So I went from Los Angeles to CDC; to Anchorage, Alaska, and to Gallup in New Mexico. So New Mexico happened to be where I'm from, so when the time came to be transferred, I decided I didn't want to be transferred and wanted to remain in New Mexico so I resigned from CDC after about eight years and then I - So the Peace Corps was directly responsible for my remaining in Public Health and remaining in and being at CDC, and I did that for about eight years and then for other reasons I didn't - I remained with CDC. From there I worked for the U.S. General Accounting Office for similar number of years, maybe 10 years, and I currently work with the U.S. Department of Energy. So I've stayed with the Federal Government from the time I started the Peace Corps in several different agencies including CDC, and it was directly responsible for my decision and my ability to work for CDC. Elisa Koski: Thanks. Just in closing, I would like to ask if there is anything else, any other particularly poignant memories or stories you would like to share about your time in Ethiopia that we haven't covered so far? David Bourne: It was basically a - it was a very hard job. At first it was very exciting, it relatively quickly became hard and mundane, but it was very rewarding because you could and you would leave a village and know that they've had - that area had smallpox for maybe 2000 years and will never have small pox again. At the time, I think that feeling and perspective is growing with time especially when you view the global program in perspective of disease control programs that they're seeking now. So it was very, very rewarding. I did have the opportunity - also there was a massive cholera outbreak in the desert during one of the summers there, and that was a situation where far more people were dying and it was far more serious, but we were able to - myself and a colleague, particularly another Peace Corps volunteer, were able to maybe vaccinate several thousand people and even start a couple of IVs which we'd never done before and haven't done since. But that was rewarding as well. So on balance, it was really quite difficult, but very, very rewarding and I appreciate the chance talking about it. Elisa Koski: Thank you so much for talking to me about your experience. It sounds like it was very rewarding and had a great impact on your life. We really appreciate sharing your experiences. David Bourne: Great. Thank you. Elisa Koski: Thanks. [End of Audio - 0:31:00] </pre> Player html for embedded player to stream video content <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bGFAnlxexFw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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Title A name given to the resource Smallpox Description An account of the resource <div class="landing"> <p>Smallpox disease was declared eradicated in 1980, the result of a collaborative global campaign. To date, it is the only disease affecting humans to be eradicated from the world. Global eradication of smallpox ranks among the great achievements of humankind. Gone, through determined human effort, is a disease which has brought death to millions, frequently altering the course of history, and traveling through the centuries to every part of the world.  </p> <p>The vital contributions made by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are highlighted. Official government correspondence, meeting transcripts, policy statements, surveillance reports and mortality statistics tell a part of that story. Adding depth to these traditional archives are the personal stories of the public health pioneers who worked tirelessly on the frontlines of the smallpox eradication campaign.</p> <p>The links above connect you to a database of oral histories, photographs, documents, and other media.</p> <p>Use of this information is free, but please see <strong>“About this Site”</strong> for guidance on how to acknowledge the sources of the information used</p> </div> Photographs A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The U. S. National Archives and Records Administration at Atlanta, 5780 Jonesboro Road, Morrow, GA 30260 www.archives.gov/atlanta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 8/2/1983 https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/811406a0ce529ab6937636488b891bd6.JPG 1ce7019f2f7ea9b12670d276e4a5b8db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Smallpox Description An account of the resource <div class="landing"> <p>Smallpox disease was declared eradicated in 1980, the result of a collaborative global campaign. To date, it is the only disease affecting humans to be eradicated from the world. Global eradication of smallpox ranks among the great achievements of humankind. Gone, through determined human effort, is a disease which has brought death to millions, frequently altering the course of history, and traveling through the centuries to every part of the world.  </p> <p>The vital contributions made by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are highlighted. Official government correspondence, meeting transcripts, policy statements, surveillance reports and mortality statistics tell a part of that story. Adding depth to these traditional archives are the personal stories of the public health pioneers who worked tirelessly on the frontlines of the smallpox eradication campaign.</p> <p>The links above connect you to a database of oral histories, photographs, documents, and other media.</p> <p>Use of this information is free, but please see <strong>“About this Site”</strong> for guidance on how to acknowledge the sources of the information used</p> </div> Media Powerpoints, Recorded lectures, movies, training films, and interviews Player html for embedded player to stream video content <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HaKN0yacZPQ" frameborder="0" width="560" height="315"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource presentations (communicative events) motion pictures moving image Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006-07-15 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/15mxz emory:15mxz Subject The topic of the resource USAID Smallpox Eradication CDC WHO Disease Control Priorities Project Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 3800640000 bytes video/x-dv Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Breman, Joel (Speaker); Fogarty International Center, NIH Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Reunion of West and Central Africa Smallpox workers (2006 : Atlanta, Georgia) Title A name given to the resource BREMAN: DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES Description An account of the resource "Disease Control Priorities Project: Infectious Diseases and Malaria" A presentation by Joel Breman on the Disease Control Priorities Project (www.dcp2.org) at the 2006 Smallpox Reunion. Language A language of the resource English https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/6fc6591fd7060d341e4310aafbc807d0.pdf 9354e28ca1c58171145f7614d63696b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource HIV/AIDS Documents Government Records Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BRIEFING MATERIAL Description An account of the resource MEMORANDUM TO: Dr. Foege FROM: Jim Curran, Coordinator of KS/OI Task Force RE: Briefing material on Kaposi's sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections Results tables attached. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 29, 1982 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The U. S. National Archives and Records Administration at Atlanta, 5780 Jonesboro Road, Morrow, GA 30260 www.archives.gov/atlanta https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/26572bd40e141a000674f8fc810a1945.pdf 959919c8fd199845820227071be350c6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource HIV/AIDS Documents Government Records Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BRIEFING: February 25, 1982 Description An account of the resource Briefing on the Task Force on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections. From James Curran. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2/25/1982 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource The U. S. National Archives and Records Administration at Atlanta, 5780 Jonesboro Road, Morrow, GA 30260 www.archives.gov/atlanta https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/f8fde7026df3d2be7b979541d840a241.jpg 250ff35d3ae9b6832240d1fa5b4f0814 https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/f2571d27af186ce8fe5f109b486f2104.pdf ab78c42f74daa2137df2e152cde61ab0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Malaria Control: CDC Beginnings Description An account of the resource <div class="landing"> <p>In 1942, when the U.S. was mobilizing for the Second World War, the U. S. Public Health Service set up a program to protect the personnel of military bases in the Southeastern states from malaria. This disease had long been rampant in the area, and posed serious threats to the health of the military and civilian populations. The program known as Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA) was created to carry out the work. The lack of space in Washington due to the war effort allowed the program to base its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, and closer to the work at hand. During the war years, the program was expanded to include the control of other communicable diseases. Because its work was so successful, a new organization was created around the nucleus of MCWA, the Communicable Disease Center (CDC). The date was July 1, 1946. This archive chronicles the agency’s early history from 1941-1951, including the contributions of local businessmen and Emory University. The buttons to the right will connect you to a searchable database of documents, oral histories, photographs and media. To conduct an advanced search, use the link in the blue navigation bar above. Use of this information is free, but please see <strong>“About this Site”</strong> for guidance on how to acknowledge the sources of the information used.</p> </div> Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 2,076,253 Player html for embedded player to stream video content <div style="padding:100% 0 0 0;width:100%;height:1830px;"><iframe style="width:100%;height:1830px;" src="https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132653?embed=true" frameborder="0"></iframe></div> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BROOKE, MARION M. Description An account of the resource Dr. Marion M. Brooke describes his numerous roles during his 40-year career at the CDC, including; parasitologist, educator, international public health consultant, and establisher of laboratory standards. Interviewed by Dr. William Foege and William Watson, Jr. TRT: 1:30 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The David J. Sencer CDC Museum at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333 www.cdc.gov/museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 15, 1984 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2011.80.mp4 https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/28d30434ca3b8d2d55328adb0097fe95.jpg e5807f7a05247c4d7488f6dffdd74aca https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/39b31a07fec13a8ecf392e75a8af4545.pdf 049cee6239a76a12a41537fab90f8e2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ebola Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Player html for embedded player to stream video content <iframe width="100%" height="100%" id="iframe" name="viewer" src="https://globalhealthchronicles.org/ohms-viewer/viewer.php?cachefile=JohnBrooksXML.xml" frameborder="0"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BROOKS, JOHN Description An account of the resource Dr. John Brooks, senior medical advisor to CDC's Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, discusses his career and his role in the agency's 2014-16 Ebola response. Dr. Brooks led the Medical Care Task Force and Domestic Task Force in the Atlanta Emergency Operations Center. Among his many responsibilities was finding residences for people evacuated from West Africa due to Ebola exposures. A PDF OF THIS INTERVIEW CAN BE FOUND AT THE TOP OF THIS PAGE. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 13, 2016 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant soundcloud https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/435072e1848b0218bb23f282d99572c5.jpg ca7255adce6e5ab9149ac0b991d193d2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BRYANT-GENEVIER, JONATHAN Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Player html for embedded player to stream video content <br /><iframe width="100%" height="100%" id="iframe" name="viewer" src="https://globalhealthchronicles.org/ohms-viewer/viewer.php?cachefile=2022.800.015.xml" frameborder="0"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BRYANT-GENEVIER, JONATHAN Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant soundcloud https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/c7abab8f6a4cbb756a23304ea852c57b.jpg 4a8d665dd7273ff667865b52d50ca39b https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/13e4463ebbcfb4adfb11cbfc0725af48.pdf 16dc048cfd29d335b90c2487b7252477 Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Player html for embedded player to stream video content <iframe width="100%" height="100%" id="iframe" name="viewer" src="https://globalhealthchronicles.org/ohms-viewer/viewer.php?cachefile=JeffreyBryant2XML.xml" frameborder="0"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BRYANT, JEFFREY Description An account of the resource Jeffrey L. Bryant, director of CDC’s Division of Emergency Operations, describes his experiences during CDC’s 2014-16 Ebola response. Bryant acted as liaison to the US Department of Defense, and as leader of the DEO, oversaw the drawdown of CDC’s response efforts as the epidemic waned.<br /><br />A PDF OF THIS INTERVIEW CAN BE FOUND AT THE TOP OF THIS PAGE. <h2><a href="/items/show/7784"><button>Go back for the other video</button></a></h2> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 31, 2016 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant soundcloud https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/a1ef6a320b7c7847f5427ec265c3f36f.jpg 4a8d665dd7273ff667865b52d50ca39b https://www.globalhealthchronicles.org/files/original/38afe13253a9e554eb0bea28f3f2dc99.pdf 892981b646f81bbeb9d856038efe6bd6 Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Player html for embedded player to stream video content <iframe width="100%" height="100%" id="iframe" name="viewer" src="https://globalhealthchronicles.org/ohms-viewer/viewer.php?cachefile=JeffreyBryantXML.xml" frameborder="0"></iframe> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BRYANT, JEFFREY Description An account of the resource Jeffrey L. Bryant, director of CDC’s Division of Emergency Operations, discusses his career leading up to his time at CDC, including his military service and his time with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).<br /><br />A PDF OF THIS INTERVIEW CAN BE FOUND AT THE TOP OF THIS PAGE. <h2><a href="/items/show/7784"><button>Go back for the other video</button></a></h2> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 29, 2016 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant soundcloud